The first video below lays the basic groundwork, with a bunch of experiments with 3-axis Hall effect sensors ... one with [Carl Bugeja]-style PCB motors that should fit into a PS4 controller.
In this online engineering specialization, you will master sensor and motor theory and program these devices in a microprocessor system. You will complete courses in sensors and sensor circuit design; ...
Instead, he used hall effect sensors and a square magnet for each axis, which gives good resolution over a small throw angle. The pivot that couples the two rudder pedals also makes use of a hall ...