Following defeat in World War I, it was formally abolished in 1922. More than a dozen independent countries emerged from territories the Ottoman sultans once ruled.

Darin N. Stephanov, Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies in Denmark This book argues that the periodic ceremonial intrusion into the everyday lives of people across the Ottoman Empire, which the ...

The words below it are written in Turkish, and proclaim Suleiman's role as Sultan, ruler specifically of the Ottoman Empire, and sovereign of all its subjects - Muslim, Jewish or Christian.